Menu

Home Explore People Places Arts History Plants & Animals Science Life & Culture Technology

History 20th century

20th century

16th Street Baptist Church bombing

1963 white supremacist terrorist attack in Birmingham, Alabama, United States

1902 eruption of Mount Pelée

1902 volcanic eruption of Mount Pelée that destroyed the town of Saint Pierre

1911 Revolution

Republican revolution in China

1913 Ottoman coup d'état

Coup d'etat that took place in the Ottoman Empire in 1913

1919 Egyptian revolution

1919 revolution in Egypt

1921–1922 famine in Tatarstan

Mass starvation in the Tatar ASSR

1931 China floods

Series of devastating floods

1932 New South Wales constitutional crisis

1935 Shinchiku-Taichū earthquake

1937 Fox vault fire

Fire at 20th Century-Fox film storage facility in Little Ferry, New Jersey

1944 Romanian coup d'état

Coup d'état led by Romanian king Michael I

1948 Arab–Israeli War

Second and final stage of the 1947–1949 Palestine war

1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état

1948 coup in Czechoslovakia

1952 Egyptian revolution

1952 military overthrow of King Farouk

1953 Iranian coup d'état

Coup to depose the elected Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddegh

1954 Geneva Conference

International conference on dismantling French Indochina

1954 Guatemalan coup d'état

Covert CIA operation in Guatemala

1956 Poznań protests

Demonstration against the communist regime in Poland

1959 Tibetan uprising

Revolt in Lhasa, Tibet, against the People's Republic of China

1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état

Military overthrow of President Ngô Đình Diệm

1966 anti-Igbo pogrom

Series of massacres of Igbo people in Nigeria

1970 Bhola cyclone

Tropical cyclone that struck East Pakistan in 1970

1973 Chilean coup d'état

1973 overthrow of Chilean President Salvador Allende by Gen. Augusto Pinochet

1973 oil crisis

1973 petroleum shortage

1975 Australian constitutional crisis

Governor-General dismissal of PM Whitlam

1976 Tangshan earthquake

Mw 7.6 earthquake in Hebei, China

1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands

Argentine invasion of the Falklands

1984–1985 United Kingdom miners' strike

Industrial action in British coal mining

1987 Fijian coups d'état

Two coups that overthrew Prime Minister Timoci Bavadra and the monarchy

1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre

Chinese pro-democracy movement and subsequent massacre

1990s North Korean famine

Famine in North Korea from collapse of Soviet aid and corruption

1991 Bangladesh cyclone

Category 5 North Indian tropical cyclone in 1991

1991 Soviet coup attempt

Attempted coup d'état against Mikhail Gorbachev's government

1992 Los Angeles riots

Riots following the beating of Rodney King

1993 Russian constitutional crisis

Political unrest in Russia in September and October 1993

1998 Russian financial crisis

Ekonomická krize v Rusku v polovině roku 1998

1999 East Timorese crisis

Aggression after the referendum of 1999

1999 Jiji earthquake

Earthquake in Chi-chi, Nantou, Taiwan

2000 Fijian coup d'état

Occurred from 1951 to 1954

Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

Civil war in Afghanistan (1989–1992)

Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)

Civil war in Afghanistan between 1992–1996

Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)

1996–2001 civil war in Afghanistan

Afghan conflict

Ongoing conflicts in Afghanistan since 1978

African theatre of World War I

Theatre of operations during World War I

Aftermath of World War I

Events after the end of the war in 1918

Aftermath of World War II

Events following the conclusion of World War II

Air raids on Japan

Aerial bombing of Japan during World War II

Air warfare of World War II

Major component in all theaters

Nazi German euthanasia programme

1954–1962 war of Algerian independence from France

Allied invasion of Sicily

1943 military campaign of World War II on the island of Sicily, Italy

Allies of World War I

Military coalition in World War I

Allies of World War II

Grouping of the victorious countries of World War II

American entry into World War I

Series of events causing the initially anti-war US government and public to join WWI

Anglo-Iraqi War

Campaign during World War II

Anglo-Irish Treaty

1921 agreement between the United Kingdom government and Irish republican leaders which ended the Irish War of Independence

Anglo-Persian Oil Company

English energy company founded in 1908

Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran

Joint invasion of Iran by the United Kingdom and Soviet Union during World War II

Angolan Civil War

1975–2002 civil war in southern Africa

Angolan War of Independence

1961–1974 armed conflict in Southwestern Africa

Annexation of Goa

1961 Indian military operation

Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China

1950–51 annexation of territory in Asia

1938 annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany

Anti-Comintern Pact

Anti-Communist pact concluded between Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan in 1936

South African system of racial segregation

1916–1918 Arab uprising against the ruling Ottoman Turks during World War I

Arab–Israeli conflict

Geopolitical conflict in the Middle East and North Africa

Armenian genocide

Systematic killing of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during WWI

Armenian genocide denial

Fringe theory that the Armenian genocide did not occur

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

1914 murder in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Assassination of John F. Kennedy

1963 murder in Dallas, Texas, U.S.

Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

1968 shooting at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, USA

Assassination of William McKinley

1901 murder of the 25th President of the United States

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Use of nuclear weapons in World War II

Attack on Pearl Harbor

1941 Japanese surprise attack on the United States

Auschwitz concentration camp

Nazi concentration camp in Poland during World War II

Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I

Alliance of countries in World War II

Ravine in the Ukrainian capital Kyiv

Balfour Declaration

British government statement of 1917

Group of foreign journalists killed by Indonesian forces in Portuguese Timor (1975)

Series of wars fought in the Balkans from 1912-1913

Balkans campaign (World War II)

Series of offensives in 1940 and 1941

Balkans theatre

Part of World War I

Bambatha Rebellion

Uprising in the colony of Natal, South Africa, in 1906, led by Bambatha, deposed chief of the Zondi tribe; often referred to as the poll tax rebellion.

Series of conflicts in Central America and the Caribbean

Bandenbekämpfung

Aspect of war fighting

Bangladesh genocide

Genocide of Bengali people in East Pakistan

Bangladesh Liberation War

1971 armed conflict that led to the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan

Territory set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia), as part of the policy of apartheid

Battle of Berlin

1945 last major offensive of the European theatre of World War II

Battle of Britain

WWII air battle fought between German and British air forces

Battle of Caporetto

1917 battle of World War I

Battle of Dien Bien Phu

1954 battle of the First Indochina War; decisive Viet Minh victory over the French

Battle of France

German invasion of France in 1940

Battle of Galicia

Battle in World War I's Eastern Front

Battle of Hong Kong

One of the first battles of the Pacific campaign of World War II

Battle of Iwo Jima

Major World War II battle in the Pacific Theater

Battle of Kabul (1992–1996)

1992 A series of intermittent battles over Kabul

Battle of Kursk

World War II battle in the Soviet Union; largest tank battle in history

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Largest naval battle of World War II

Battle of Midway

1942 major naval battle in World War II

Battle of Mogadishu (1993)

UN-Somali military incident, October 1993

Battle of Okinawa

Major 1945 battle of the Pacific War

Battle of Passchendaele

Military campaign of the First World War

Battle of Stalingrad

Major battle of World War II

Battle of Tannenberg

Battle between Russian Empire and Germany during World War I

Battle of the Atlantic

Attempt by Germany during World War II to cut supply lines to Britain

Battle of the Bulge

German offensive through the Ardennes forest on the Western Front towards the end of World War II

Battle of the Frontiers

Series of battles; part of the Western Front of World War I

Battle of the Somme

WWI battle between France and Britain against Germany

Battle of Verdun

Battle on the Western Front during the First World War

Battle of Vittorio Veneto

Battle of Warsaw (1920)

Battle of the Polish–Soviet War

Battles of the Isonzo

Series of major battles between Italy and Austria-Hungary during WW I

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Failed landing operation on the southwestern coast of Cuba, April 1961

Beer Hall Putsch

Failed 1923 Nazi coup attempt in Germany

Bengal famine of 1943

Famine in British India during World War II

Bengali language movement

1940s-50s movement for recognition of the Bengali language in East Bengal (now Bangladesh)

Barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic, enclosing West Berlin

Partially recognised state in West Africa (1967–1970)

Black Panther Party

Black Power organization

Faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

Bombing of Guernica

Attack by military aircraft during the Spanish Civil War

1992–1995 armed conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Breakup of Yugoslavia

Process starting in mid-1991 leading to the abolishment of the state of Yugoslavia

Bretton Woods system

Financial-economic agreement reached in 1944

British Western Pacific Territories

Colonial entity

Brusilov offensive

Battle on the Eastern Front during World War I

Series of battles fought during World War II

Cambodian Civil War

1967–1975 conflict in Cambodia

Cambodian genocide

1975–1979 mass killing of Cambodians

Cambodian–Vietnamese War

1978–89 conflict between Vietnam and the Khmer Rouge

Caucasus campaign

Armed conflicts between the Russian and Ottoman Empires during WWI

Causes of World War II

Military coalition in World War I

Chernobyl disaster

1986 nuclear accident in the Soviet Union

Chicano Movement

Social and political movement combating racism in the United States

Chinese Civil War

1927–1949 civil war in China

Civil rights movement

1954–1968 U.S. social movement against institutional racism

Civil rights movement (1896–1954)

Social movement in the United States

Civil rights movements

Worldwide social and political movements against racism

1947–1991 geopolitical rivalry between US and USSR

Collective farming

Type of agricultural organization

Colombian conflict

Low-intensity asymmetric war in Colombia

Colour revolution

Series of non-violent protests and political campaigns in the former Soviet Union

Columbine High School massacre

1999 mass shooting in Columbine, Colorado, US

Forced prostitutes for the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II

Communist International

Political organization (1919–1943)

Communist revolution

Type of revolution

1960–1965 war fought in the Congo

Contemporary history

Era of history starting from 1946 up to the current age

Continuation War

1941–1944 Finnish war against USSR

Cuban Missile Crisis

1962 confrontation between the US and USSR

Cuban Revolution

1955–58 armed rebellion against the Cuban government led by Fidel Castro

Cultural Revolution

Maoist sociopolitical movement intended to strengthen Chinese communism (1966-76)

Tropical cyclone that struck northern Australia in 1974

1918–1992 country in Central Europe, predecessor of the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Death of Azaria Chamberlain

Australian victim of animal attack

Decolonisation of Africa

Independence of African colonies from European powers

Decolonisation of Asia

Mostly 20th-century independence of Asian countries from Western European powers

Decolonisation of Oceania

Independence of Oceanic countries from colonial rule

Process of leaving colonial rule, mostly occurring during the 20th century

Decolonization of the Americas

Process by which the countries in the Americas gained their independence from European rule

Defence of the Reich

Strategic defensive aerial campaign fought by the Luftwaffe over German-occupied Europe and Germany itself during World War II

Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

Central Asian Republic (1978–1992)

Desegregation busing

Effort to diversify the racial make-up of schools in the United States

Desegregation in the United States

Process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races

Dissolution of Czechoslovakia

1993 process that split Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Dissolution of the Soviet Union

1988–1991 breakup of sovereign state

Dominican Civil War

1965 civil war in the Dominican Republic

Period of severe dust storms in North America

East African campaign (World War I)

Series of battles in East Africa during World War I

Country in Central Europe (1949–1990)

East Timor genocide

20th century genocide of the Timorese

1916 armed insurrection in Ireland

Former group of communist states aligned with the Soviet Union during the Cold War

Eastern Front (World War I)

East European theater of World War I

Eastern Front (World War II)

Theatre of war of European Axis and Soviet Union blocs

École Polytechnique massacre

1989 mass shooting in Montreal, Canada

Economic liberalization

Economic policy that advocates the reduction of government regulations

Nazi paramilitary death squads, part of the SS

Electrification

Process of changing something to use electricity

Empire of Japan

Empire in the Asia-Pacific region from 1868 to 1947

1932 Australian nuisance wildlife management campaign

Eritrean War of Independence

1961–1991 conflict within Ethiopia

Ethiopian Civil War

Civil war in Ethiopia between 1974 and 1991

European integration

Process of industrial, political, legal, economic, social and cultural integration of states wholly or partially in Europe

Exploration of Mars

Expulsion of the Chagossians

The forced expulsion of the inhabitants of the island of Diego Garcia and the other islands of the British Indian Ocean Territory

Conflict between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982

End of the Vietnam War, 30 April 1975

Fall of Singapore

World War II battle; decisive Japanese victory

February Revolution

First of two 1917 revolutions in Russia

Federation of Australia

Process by which six separate British self-governing colonies became the country of Australia

Nazi plan for the genocide of the Jews

Finland in World War II

Period of Finnish history from 1939 to 1945

Finnish Civil War

1918 civil war in Finland

First Battle of the Marne

World War I battle

First Chechen War

1994–96 Russian invasion of Chechnya

First Indochina War

1946–1954 war between French Union and Hồ Chí Minh's forces

1987–1993 Palestinian uprising against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip

First Liberian Civil War

1989–1997 war in West Africa

Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)

Population transfers

Brief war between El Salvador and Honduras in 1969

Four Asian Tigers

Economies of South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong

Franco-Thai War

1940–41 conflict in French Indochina

Government-in-exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War

Free Speech Movement

1964–65 acts of civil disobedience by students of UC Berkeley, California

French conquest of Morocco

Imperial conquest and pacification of the North African nation

French entry into World War I

Entry of France into World War I

French West Africa

French colonial federation

Gallipoli campaign

Military campaign against the Ottoman Empire during World War I

Generalplan Ost

Nazi racial plan of enslavement and genocide of Slavic people living in Central and Eastern Europe

German entry into World War I

Aspect of history

German invasion of Greece

Invasion of Allied Greece by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany during World War II

German reunification

Process in 1990 in which East and West Germany once again became one country

Colony of the German Empire in Oceania from 1900 to 1914

German spring offensive

1918 German military offensive along the Western Front during WWI

German-occupied Europe

European countries occupied by the military forces of Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany secret police

Good Friday Agreement

Multiple peace agreements between the UK and Irish governments, and Northern Ireland politicians to put an end to the Troubles

Gorlice–Tarnów offensive

Great Chinese Famine

Famine killing millions (1959–1961)

Great Depression

Worldwide economic depression (1929–1939)

Great Hanshin earthquake

Earthquake in Japan on January 17, 1995

Great Leap Forward

Economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China

1936–1938 campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union

Great Retreat (Russia)

1915 strategic retreat by Russian forces during World War I

Great Train Wreck of 1918

July 9, 1918, in Nashville, Tennessee train wreck

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Greek Civil War

1943–1949 civil war in Greece

Guadalcanal campaign

U.S. military campaign in World War II

Guatemalan Civil War

1960–1996 civil war in Guatemala

Guinea-Bissau War of Independence

1963–1974 armed conflict in West Africa

Soviet forced penal labour camp system

Gulf of Tonkin incident

1964 naval confrontation between North Vietnam and the United States

1990–1991 war between Iraq and American-led coalition forces

Handover of Hong Kong

1997 handover of Hong Kong from UK to China

Handover of Macau

1999 handover of Macau from Portugal to China

Harlem Renaissance

African-American cultural movement in New York City in the 1920s

Herero and Nama genocide

1904–1908 genocide by the German Empire against Herero and Nama peoples

Series of German colonial wars in South West Africa

Highway of Death

Hillsborough disaster

Human crush during the 1989 FA Cup semi-final

Hindenburg disaster

Airship fire, 6 May 1937

History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi

Ho Chi Minh trail

Network of roads in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia used by the Viet Cong from 1959-75

Holocaust denial

Antisemitic conspiracy theory

Holocaust trains

Railway use under the supervision of the German Nazis for the purpose of forcible deportation of the Jews, as well as other victims of the Holocaust to Nazi concentration camps

1932–1933 human-made famine in Soviet Ukraine

Hundred Days Offensive

Allied offensive during World War One

Hundred Flowers Campaign

1956–57 Chinese liberalization campaign

Hungarian Revolution of 1956

Citizen rebellion in Communist Hungary repressed by the Soviet Union

1963 speech delivered by Martin Luther King Jr.

1957–58 war between Morocco and Spain

Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation

1963–1966 military conflict

Indonesian invasion of East Timor

Military invasion

Indonesian National Awakening

Historical nationalist movement and time period

Indonesian National Revolution

Armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between Indonesia and the Dutch Empire

Indonesian occupation of East Timor

Military occupation

Indo-Pakistani war of 1971

Military confrontation between India and Pakistan alongside the Bangladesh Liberation War

Information Age

Historical period

Information Age

Shift from mechanical and analogue electronic technology to digital electronics

Inner German border

Border which separated East Germany and West Germany

Interwar period

Period between the end of World War I and the beginning of World War II

Invasion of Poland

German and Soviet attack on Poland that marked the beginning of World War II

Iran hostage crisis

Occupation of Tehran's U.S. embassy (1979–1981)

Iranian Revolution

Revolution in Iran from 1978 to 1979

Iran–Iraq War

1980–1988 war in West Asia

Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

Indirect conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia

Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

Beginning of the 1990–1991 Gulf War

Irish Civil War

1922–1923 conflict between factions of the IRA

Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)

Irish revolutionary period

Aspect of history

Irish War of Independence

1919–1921 war between Irish and British forces

Term symbolizing the ideological-political conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe during the Cold War

Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft

1990 art theft in Boston

Israeli Declaration of Independence

1948 declaration of Israel's independence

Israeli–Palestinian conflict

Ongoing military and political conflict

Italian campaign (World War II)

1943–1945 military campaign of World War II

Italy and its colonies and territories

Italian front (World War I)

The Italian theatre of World War I

Italo-Turkish War

1911–1912 war in Libya

Japanese economic miracle

1950s–90s period of rapid economic growth in Japan

Japanese invasion of Manchuria

Part of the Second Sino-Japanese War

Japanese occupation of Singapore

Occupied territory in Southeast Asia (1942–1945)

Japanese occupation of the Philippines

1942–1945 Japanese occupation of the Philippines during WWII

Japanese war crimes

War crimes of the Empire of Japan

American period in the 1920s and 1930s

Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany

Areas of Jewish imprisonment during the Holocaust

Jewish question

Debate in European society pertaining to the appropriate status and treatment of Jews in society

Part of the Chinese Soviet Republic the Chinese Civil War

Peoples Temple cult settlement in Guyana

Jordanian annexation of the West Bank

1950 annexation event

1914 events leading to World War I

Kamerun campaign

1914–1916 British, French and Belgian invasion of the German colony of Kamerun

1920 attempted coup in the Weimar Republic

Kashmir conflict

India–Pakistan conflict over the Kashmir region

Kellogg–Briand Pact

1928 international agreement

Members of the Communist Party of Kampuchea

Killing of JonBenét Ramsey

Unsolved homicide of an American child beauty queen

Killing of Vincent Chin

1982 homicide in Michigan

Kokoda Track campaign

Part of the Pacific War of World War II

Korea under Japanese rule

Japanese occupation of Korea from 1910–1945

Korean conflict

Conflict between North and South Korea

1950–1953 war between North and South Korea

Pogrom against Jews throughout Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938

Kronstadt rebellion

1921 anti-Bolshevik revolt in Russia

Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency

Armed conflict between Turkey and Kurdish insurgent groups

Kuril Islands dispute

Territorial dispute between Japan and Russia

Kuwaiti oil fires

Oil well fires in 1991

Laotian Civil War

1959–1975 civil war in Laos

Late modern period

Period from 1800 CE until the present

Lebanese Civil War

1975–1990 civil war in Lebanon

WW2 program to provide US allies with free armaments

Liaoshen campaign

1948 militarycampaign during the Chinese civil war

Lindbergh kidnapping

Abduction and murder of Charles Lindbergh Jr

List of conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union

Armed conflict taking place in former territories of the Soviet Union

1934–1936 Red Army retreat during the Chinese Civil War

Period of economic stagnation in Japan

Lynching of Jesse Washington

African American who was lynched in the U.S.

LZ 129 Hindenburg

German airship in service 1936-1937

Macedonian front

Part of the Balkans Theatre of WWI

Maji Maji Rebellion

Uprising in the south and east of German East Africa, 1905–1907

Malayan campaign

1941–1942 World War II military campaign

Malayan Emergency

1948–1960 conflict in the Malayan Peninsula and surroundings

Independent state in Manchuria (1932–1945)

Manhattan Project

Research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs.

Commune and cult in California led by Charles Manson

March First Movement

1919 Korean public display of resistance against Japanese rule

March on Washington

1963 demonstration and march of the civil rights movement

American initiative for foreign aid to Western Europe following World War II

Mass killings under communist regimes

Mass killings under communist regimes

Communist killings of civilians

Mau Mau rebellion

Kenyan insurgency, 1952–1960

Samoan political movement

Period of left-wing civil unrests in France

Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II

Major theatre of operations during the Second World War

Political faction

Mesopotamian campaign

World War I military campaign

Mexican peso crisis

Economic crisis in Mexico

Middle Eastern theatre of World War I

Scene of action between 29 October 1914, and 30 October 1918

Military dictatorship of Chile

Period of Chilean history under the rule of General Augusto Pinochet

Military Government of Santo Domingo

Occupation of the Dominican Republic by the United States from 1916–1924

Military operations in North Africa during World War I

Series of conflicts during World War I

Montgomery bus boycott

1950s American protest against racial segregation

Arrival of a spacecraft on the Moon's surface

Murders in and around Manchester, England

Mozambican Civil War

1977–1992 civil war in southeast Africa

Mozambican War of Independence

Armed conflict (1964–1974)

Mukden incident

1931 Japan false flag railway explosion

Munich Agreement

1938 cession of German-speaking Czechoslovakia to the Nazis

Murder trial of O. J. Simpson

Criminal trial decided October 3, 1995, in United States

Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner

June 1964 murders of 3 civil rights workers in Neshoba County, Mississippi

My Lai massacre

1968 U.S. war crime during the Vietnam War

Myanmar conflict

Series of primarily ethnic-based insurgencies in Myanmar that began in 1948

Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan

Nanjing Massacre

Episode of mass murder and rape committed by Japanese troops

Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)

Major faction in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939

Nawabs of Bengal

Governors of Eastern India and Bengal in the 18th-century

Nazi concentration camps

Concentration camps operated by Nazi Germany

German state from 1933 to 1945

Fascist German political party (1920–1945)

Nepalese Civil War

1996–2006 civil war between the erstwhile Nepalese monarchy and Maoist insurgents

Netherlands Antilles

Former Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Nevada Test Site

United States Department of Energy reservation located in southeastern Nye County, Nevada

1930s programs of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt

New Economic Policy

1921 Soviet economic policy

New Order (Indonesia)

Period of Indonesian history under President Suharto

Nigerian Civil War

1967–1970 civil war in Nigeria

Night of the Long Knives

Purge that took place in Nazi Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934

Nivelle offensive

1917 Franco-British offensive on the Western Front in the First World War

Non-Aligned Movement

Group of states which are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc

Normandy landings

First day of the Allied invasion of France in Nazi-occupied Europe during World War II

North African campaign

Major military campaign of WWII fought in North Africa

1945–1976 country in Southeast Asia

Northern Alliance

Military front in Afghanistan

Nuclear arms race

Competition between multiple parties to have superior nuclear weaponry

Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll

67 nuclear weapons tests, with 23 detonations at seven sites, by the USA, 1946—1958

Occupation of Japan

United States-led Allied occupation of Japan following WWII

Occupation of the Baltic states

Soviet takeover of the Baltic, 1940

Occupation of the Gaza Strip by the United Arab Republic

1959-67 military occupation of Gaza by Egypt and Syria after the First Arab–Israeli War

October Revolution

Second of two 1917 revolutions in Russia

Oder–Neisse line

German-Polish border since the end of World War II

Oklahoma City bombing

1995 domestic terrorist attack in the US

One country, two systems

Chinese constitutional principle

Operation Bagration

Large Soviet military offensive in WW2

Operation Barbarossa

1941 Axis invasion of the Soviet Union during WWII

Operation Condor

US-backed repression campaign in South America

Operation Market Garden

1944 World War II military operation

Operation Reinhard

Code name for the creation of German extermination camps in Poland in World War II

Operation Torch

Allied landing operations in French North Africa during World War II

Operation Uphold Democracy

International military intervention in Haiti following the 1991 coup d'etat

Operation Weserübung

Code name for Germany's assault on Denmark and Norway during the Second World War

Ottoman entry into World War I

Entrance of the Ottoman Empire into the First World War

Theater of World War II

Pahlavi dynasty

Former country in Western Asia (1925–1979)

Pan Am Flight 103

1988 terrorist bombing in Scotland

Movement encouraging solidarity between people of African ancestry

Three-week financial crisis in the United States

Political ideology

Partition of India

1947 division of British India

Partition of the Ottoman Empire

Division of Ottoman territory after World War I

Left-wing national liberation movement of Laos

People Power Revolution

1986 Philippine revolution that overthrew President Ferdinand Marcos

Persian Constitutional Revolution

Uprising against Iranian monarchy

Philippine Revolution

Revolution and subsequent conflict

Philippine–American War

Armed Philippine-American conflict (1899–1902)

Polish population transfers in 1944–1946

Post WWII resettlement

Polish–Soviet War

20th-century conflict between Poland and Soviet Russia

Population exchange between Greece and Turkey

Agreement between Greece and Turkey

Population transfer in the Soviet Union

The transfer and deportation of people in the Soviet Union

Port Arthur massacre (Australia)

1996 killing spree in Tasmania, Australia

Portuguese Colonial War

1961–1974 wars of independence in Africa

Post-Soviet states

States established following the disestablishment of the Soviet Union

Post–World War II economic expansion

Long period of worldwide economic growth following World War II

Potsdam Conference

Meeting of the Allied heads of state near the end of World War II

The period of liberalisation in Czechoslovakia from January 5 to 21 August 1968

Progressive Era

1890s–1920s US political reform movement

Prohibition in the United States

Constitutional ban on alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933

Protests of 1968

Worldwide escalation of social conflicts

Red Terror (Spain)

Assassinations during the Spanish Civil War

Systematic denial of services to residents of specific neighborhoods or communities

Reform and opening up

Reforms allowing more free markets in China since Deng Xiaoping

An arson attack in Berlin on 27 February 1933

Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)

Faction in support of the Second Spanish Republic government during the civil war (1936-39)

Revolutions of 1917–1923

Wave of political unrest and mass revolts in Europe in the aftermath of World War I

Revolutions of 1989

The wave of revolution that ended the Cold War

Unrecognised state in Southern Africa (1965–1979)

1921–1926 war between Spain and Berber tribes of Morocco

British ocean liner that was sunk in 1915 during WW1

Roaring Twenties (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Romani Holocaust

Genocide against Romani in Europe during World War II

Romania in World War I

Aspect of history

Romanian revolution

1989 popular uprising/coup in Romania

Russian Civil War

1917–1922 multi-party conflict in the former Russian Empire

Russian Civil War

Multi-party war in the former Russian Empire (1917–1922)

Russian entry into World War I

Russian famine of 1921–1922

Famine in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

Russian Revolution

Political events starting in 1917

Russian Revolution of 1905

Wave of political and social unrest in areas of the Russian Empire

Russification of Finland

Russian policy of suppressing Finnish autonomy (1899–1905, 1908–17)

Russo-Japanese War

1904 to 1905 war for Manchuria and Korea

Region in the US affected by industrial decline

Rwandan Civil War

1990–1994 armed struggle in Rwanda

Rwandan genocide

1994 genocide in Rwanda

Rwandan Revolution

Period of ethnic violence in Rwanda from 1959 to 1961 between the Hutu and the Tutsi

1930 Indian protest led by Mahatma Gandhi

Saur Revolution

Communist 1978 coup d'état in Afghanistan

Assyrian genocide (1914–1924)

Paramilitary organization in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany

1925 legal case in Tennessee, USA, testing the legality of teaching evolution in schools

Second Boer War

1899–1902 war in South Africa

Second Congo War

War in Africa 1998 to 2003

Second East Turkestan Republic

Former state in Northern Xinjiang

Second Industrial Revolution

1870–1914 period of rapid technological change

Second Intifada

2000–2005 Palestinian uprising against Israel

Second Italo-Ethiopian War

1895–1896 war between the Ethiopian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy

Second Sino-Japanese War

1937–1945 conflict in East Asia

Second Vatican Council

Roman Catholic council, met 1962 to 1965

Serbian campaign

1914 military campaign

Sexual revolution

20th-century Western social movement

Siege of Leningrad

Blockade by the Axis powers, 1941–1944

Siege of Malta (World War II)

Siege of Sarajevo

1992-96 battle of the Bosnian War

Sierra Leone Civil War

Series of conflicts, coups, and rebellions throughout Sierra Leone from 1991-2002

Sinai and Palestine campaign

Campaign of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I

Singapore in Malaysia

Period of Singaporean and Malaysian history

Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior

Covert attack by French military frogmen on a civilian ship in peacetime

Sinking of the RMS Lusitania

World War I Maritime Disaster

Sinking of the Titanic

1912 maritime disaster

Sino-Soviet split

Conflict between communist blocs

1967 war between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, and Syria

Solidarity (Polish trade union)

20th-century Polish trade union

Somali Civil War

Ongoing civil war in East Africa

Somaliland campaign

Military expeditions against the Devish Movement, 1900-1920

South African Border War

1966–1990 border war between Zambia, Namibia, and Angola

South American dreadnought race

Naval arms race between Argentina, Brazil, and Chile in the early 1900s

South Seas Mandate

A mandate issued by the League of Nations to Japan following WWI.

Former country in southeast Asia

South West Africa campaign

1914 military campaign

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

Former international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia

Soviet Central Asia

Region in the Soviet Union

Soviet famine of 1930–1933

Man-made famine that affected the major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union

Soviet famine of 1946–1947

Soviet invasion of Manchuria

1945 Soviet campaign of World War II

Soviet partisans

Coordinated resistance movements in German-occupied Soviet territory during WWII

Country in Eurasia (1922–1991)

Soviet–Afghan War

1979–1989 armed conflict in South Asia

Soviet–Japanese War

1945 Soviet invasion of Manchukuo

Space exploration

Exploration of space, planets, and moons

Competition between the USSR and the USA to explore space

Spanish Civil War

1936–1939 civil war in Spain

1918–1920 global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus

Political scandal in West Germany

Spirit of St. Louis

Monoplane flown solo by Charles Lindbergh

Srebrenica massacre

1995 mass murder by the Bosnian Serb Army

Sri Lankan civil war

1983–2009 civil war between the Sri Lankan government and Tamil separatists

Stab-in-the-back myth

The idea that the German Army was betrayed by Jews and socialists at the end of World War I

Stonewall riots

1969 spontaneous uprising for gay rights in New York City

Strategic bombing during World War II

Airborne warfare throughout World War II

1956 invasion of Egypt by Israel, the United Kingdom and France

Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers

Title held by General Douglas MacArthur during the Allied occupation of Japan

Surrender of Japan

End of World War II

Syria–Lebanon campaign

1941 British offensive in World War II

Taiwan under Japanese rule

Period of Taiwanese history

Afghan Sunni Islamic fundamentalist movement

Tate–LaBianca murders

1969 murders in Los Angeles, US

Territory of New Guinea

Australian territory 1919–1975

Military campaign during the Vietnam War

1940–41 German bombing of Britain during WW2

Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany

1960s–1998 ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland

Third Indochina War

Wars in Indochina following the American withdrawal from Vietnam

British passenger liner that sank in 1912

Tlatelolco massacre

Social crisis in Mexico

Togoland campaign

1914 French and British invasion of the German colony of Togoland

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Separate peace treaty that the Soviet government was forced to sign on March 3, 1918

Treaty of Paris between Italy and the Allied Powers

1947 treaty between Italy and the Allies

Treaty of San Francisco

1952 Japan–Allies peace treaty

Treaty of Versailles

One of the treaties that ended World War I

Truman Doctrine

Anti-Soviet U.S. Cold War foreign policy

Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

U.S. administered U.N. trust territory (1947–1994)

Tulsa race massacre

1921 mass violence in Oklahoma, U.S.

Tunisian campaign

Series of battles in Tunisia during the Second World War

Turkish War of Independence

War fought between the Turkish National Movement and the Entente and their proxies

U-boat campaign

WWI German naval campaign to attack Allied trade routes (1914-18)

Ukrainian War of Independence

Eastern European military conflict (1917–1921)

Ulster Volunteer Force

Ulster loyalist paramilitary group formed in 1966

Unequal treaties

Series of treaties signed by China, Japan, or Korea

Unification of Saudi Arabia

Complete conquest and unification of most of the Arabian Peninsula by the House of Saud

Union of South Africa

1910–1961 Dominion of the British Empire

Japanese biological, chemical warfare unit (1936–1945)

United States invasion of Grenada

1983 United States-led military invasion

United States invasion of Panama

1989 United States military invasion of Panama

United States occupation of Haiti

1915–1934 military occupation

United States occupation of Nicaragua

Part of the Banana Wars

Belmont-class electronic spying ship

Velvet Revolution

Democratization process in Czechoslovakia in 1989

Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903

Naval blockade from December 1902 to February 1903

Client state of Nazi Germany (1940–1944)

Former revolutionary organization in South Vietnam and Cambodia

War in Southeast Asia from 1955 to 1975

Vietnamese boat people

Refugees who fled Vietnam by boat following the end of the Vietnam War (1975)

1906–1912 war between France and the Wadai Empire

Wall Street crash of 1929

Major stock market crash in the United States

Campaign against illegal drug use and trade

Period in the history of the Republic of China (1916-28)

Nazi ghetto in occupied Poland

International military alliance of Communist states

Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia

1968 invasion led by the Soviet Union

Watergate scandal

Political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s

Weimar Republic

German state from 1918 to 1933

Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 to 1990

Western Allied invasion of Germany

1945 offensive in the European theatre of World War II

Western Desert campaign

Campaign fought in Libya and Egypt during WWII

Western Front (World War I)

Main theatre of war during the First World War

Western Front (World War II)

Theatre of World War II fought in the Western front of Europe

Western Sahara War

1975–1991 armed conflict between Morocco and the Polisario Front

White flight (disambiguation)

Topics referred to by the same term

Major faction in the Russian Civil War

Resistance group in Nazi Germany

White Terror (Spain)

Assassinations and mass murders during the Spanish Civil War

White Terror (Taiwan)

Period of martial law and political repression in Taiwan

1939–1940 war between the Soviet Union and Finland

Wirtschaftswunder

Rapid reconstruction and development of the economies of West Germany and Austria after World War II

Somorika Women, a Yoruboid people from Edo

1914–1918 global conflict

1939–1945 global conflict

Xinjiang conflict

Ethnic conflict in Western China

Yalta Conference

World War II allies discussing postwar reorganization

Year 2000 problem

Class of computer bugs related to dates beginning in the year 2000

Yemeni unification

1990 merger of North and South Yemen into a single state (present-day Yemen)

1973 war between Israel and a coalition of Arab states

Political reform movement in the Ottoman Empire

Series of wars fought in Yugoslavia from 1991 to 2001

1918–1992 country in Southeastern and Central Europe

Country in Central Africa (1971–97) now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Zimmermann telegram

1917 World War I telegram from Germany to Mexico proposing an alliance